DNA Webquest
Enter the following website into the address bar: http://www.dnaftb.org/#molecules
SECTION 20 A half DNA ladder is a template for copying the whole
1. What isotope was used in the “ingenious experiment?”
2. What did this “ingenious experiment show?”
SECTION 19 The DNA molecule is shaped like a twisted ladder
3. What does A, T, G, and C stand for?
4. What year did Watson and Crick propose the structure of DNA as a double helix?
5. What machine did they use to gather evidence via crystallography to determine the structure of DNA?
SECTION 21 RNA is an intermediary between DNA and protein
6. True or False: There is one major type of RNA involved in transcribing and translating DNA into proteins.
7. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is used transcribe DNA. What part of the cell does this occur in?
8. According to the “CENTRAL DOGMA” the flow of genetic information went from DNA to _______ to _________.
SECTION 22
9. According to Section #22 DNA words are how many letters long?
10. What are the possible letters for the DNA alphabet?
SECTION 23
11. Mendel, Beadle, Tatum and modern scientist have all been involved in the changing and evolving definition of a gene? In 2-3 sentences describe this evolving definition through all these scientists’.
Go back to the main menu or type in: http://www.dnaftb.org/#classical
SECTION 2
12. What do genes come in?
13. Mendel used pure-bred pea plants to perform his experiments. What two colors seeds did he use?
SECTION 3
14. True of False: Mendel’s cross between yellow and green pea plants resulted in a blend of yellowish-green seeds.
15. What color were Mendel’s seeds after crossing the purebred yellow with the purebred green?
SECTION 4
16. What was the dominant trait in Mendel’s experiments?
17. What is the opposite of a “dominant” gene?
SECTION 8
18. Compare the amount of genetic DNA in sex cells and body cells.
SECTION 9
19. Explain the difference between male’s chromosomes and female’s chromosomes.
SECTION 10
20. What do chromosomes carry?
SECTION 11
21. What animal did Morgan and his team work with?
22. Explain what a linkage group is.
SECTION 13
23. Do Mendel’s Laws of inheritance and genetics apply to humans?
24. Identify one of the first recessive human traits described and the year it was described, and identify one of the first dominant human traits described and the year it was described. (4 pts)
SECTION 15
25. According to the beginning of this section, what was there an obvious interest in applying Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance towards?
***Youtube search for “Disneymotion” Describe your favorite 2 videos. If you describe more than two or find another cool youtube video, you will be awarded extra credit.***
http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/12/21/167785647/killers-dna-wont-explain-his-crime?sc=17&f=
http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-twisting-tale-of-dna-judith-hauck
http://ed.ted.com/lessons/dna-the-book-of-you-joe-hanson
SECTION 20 A half DNA ladder is a template for copying the whole
1. What isotope was used in the “ingenious experiment?”
2. What did this “ingenious experiment show?”
SECTION 19 The DNA molecule is shaped like a twisted ladder
3. What does A, T, G, and C stand for?
4. What year did Watson and Crick propose the structure of DNA as a double helix?
5. What machine did they use to gather evidence via crystallography to determine the structure of DNA?
SECTION 21 RNA is an intermediary between DNA and protein
6. True or False: There is one major type of RNA involved in transcribing and translating DNA into proteins.
7. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is used transcribe DNA. What part of the cell does this occur in?
8. According to the “CENTRAL DOGMA” the flow of genetic information went from DNA to _______ to _________.
SECTION 22
9. According to Section #22 DNA words are how many letters long?
10. What are the possible letters for the DNA alphabet?
SECTION 23
11. Mendel, Beadle, Tatum and modern scientist have all been involved in the changing and evolving definition of a gene? In 2-3 sentences describe this evolving definition through all these scientists’.
Go back to the main menu or type in: http://www.dnaftb.org/#classical
SECTION 2
12. What do genes come in?
13. Mendel used pure-bred pea plants to perform his experiments. What two colors seeds did he use?
SECTION 3
14. True of False: Mendel’s cross between yellow and green pea plants resulted in a blend of yellowish-green seeds.
15. What color were Mendel’s seeds after crossing the purebred yellow with the purebred green?
SECTION 4
16. What was the dominant trait in Mendel’s experiments?
17. What is the opposite of a “dominant” gene?
SECTION 8
18. Compare the amount of genetic DNA in sex cells and body cells.
SECTION 9
19. Explain the difference between male’s chromosomes and female’s chromosomes.
SECTION 10
20. What do chromosomes carry?
SECTION 11
21. What animal did Morgan and his team work with?
22. Explain what a linkage group is.
SECTION 13
23. Do Mendel’s Laws of inheritance and genetics apply to humans?
24. Identify one of the first recessive human traits described and the year it was described, and identify one of the first dominant human traits described and the year it was described. (4 pts)
SECTION 15
25. According to the beginning of this section, what was there an obvious interest in applying Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance towards?
***Youtube search for “Disneymotion” Describe your favorite 2 videos. If you describe more than two or find another cool youtube video, you will be awarded extra credit.***
http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/12/21/167785647/killers-dna-wont-explain-his-crime?sc=17&f=
http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-twisting-tale-of-dna-judith-hauck
http://ed.ted.com/lessons/dna-the-book-of-you-joe-hanson
DNA in the News
1. Use google and Wikipedia to find what the term “epigenetics” means. Write the definition for your answer to #1.
Go to the following YouTube video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dfdnf1Wpg0E
2. What is strange about the two mice?
3. Why is one of the mice fat and one of them skinny?
Go to the link provided below (if it does not work, copy and paste the link into the address bar
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/253971.php
4. What is the title of this article?
5. According to the article has there ever been a gene for homosexuality discovered?
6. “Epi-marks act as another layer of information fused to our genes that control their expression. Essentially, genes hold the directions, while epi-marks ________________________________.”
7. “When these epi-marks are passed between generations from fathers to daughters or mothers to sons, they have the potential to result in reverse effects. The outcome is feminization of characteristics in ______ or masculinization of some characteristics in ________, occasionally affecting sexual preference.
STUDY BREAK VIDEO!!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7V-8v8tOJQ “Most amazing humans in the world”
8. What was your favorite part of this video? Why did you like it the most?
Go to the following link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiJrM3GX-Qg&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
9. How much does a test from Navigenetics cost? (answer at about 1 min 40 sec into video)
10. Why do companies like Navigenetics say it would be a good idea to sequence everybody’s DNA?
11. How does the host of the video (Neil Tyson) give Navigenetics his DNA? How long does it take?
12. At about 6 min into the video you meet a geneticists named David Altschuler. What is his opinion on the genetic testing?
13. The video mentions that you are 10 times more likely to develop Alzheimers disease if you have two copies of what letter in your DNA (at about 7 min)?
14. What disease is the host (Neil Tyson) most likely to develop according to his DNA test?
15. Would you want to know your DNA sequence and the diseases you are more likely to develop? Why or why not?
STUDY BREAK VIDEO #2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNvJy0zoXOY “Damien Watters 2010”
Go to the following link http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/255146.php
16. What is the title of this article?
17. This article discussing the privacy of people who donate their DNA for studies. The researchers where able to, “identified 50 people who had given genetic material as participants in genomic studies, by using just…what?
18. The team was able to identify the donors of the DNA by studying which chromosome’s “short tandem repeats (STRs)?
19. Using last names and four other sources on the internet the research team was able to identify the DNA donors. What are two of the four other sources of information the team used?
20. If you where offered $1,000 to donate your DNA “anonymously” for a scientific study, would you do it? Why or why not?
1. Use google and Wikipedia to find what the term “epigenetics” means. Write the definition for your answer to #1.
Go to the following YouTube video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dfdnf1Wpg0E
2. What is strange about the two mice?
3. Why is one of the mice fat and one of them skinny?
Go to the link provided below (if it does not work, copy and paste the link into the address bar
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/253971.php
4. What is the title of this article?
5. According to the article has there ever been a gene for homosexuality discovered?
6. “Epi-marks act as another layer of information fused to our genes that control their expression. Essentially, genes hold the directions, while epi-marks ________________________________.”
7. “When these epi-marks are passed between generations from fathers to daughters or mothers to sons, they have the potential to result in reverse effects. The outcome is feminization of characteristics in ______ or masculinization of some characteristics in ________, occasionally affecting sexual preference.
STUDY BREAK VIDEO!!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7V-8v8tOJQ “Most amazing humans in the world”
8. What was your favorite part of this video? Why did you like it the most?
Go to the following link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiJrM3GX-Qg&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
9. How much does a test from Navigenetics cost? (answer at about 1 min 40 sec into video)
10. Why do companies like Navigenetics say it would be a good idea to sequence everybody’s DNA?
11. How does the host of the video (Neil Tyson) give Navigenetics his DNA? How long does it take?
12. At about 6 min into the video you meet a geneticists named David Altschuler. What is his opinion on the genetic testing?
13. The video mentions that you are 10 times more likely to develop Alzheimers disease if you have two copies of what letter in your DNA (at about 7 min)?
14. What disease is the host (Neil Tyson) most likely to develop according to his DNA test?
15. Would you want to know your DNA sequence and the diseases you are more likely to develop? Why or why not?
STUDY BREAK VIDEO #2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNvJy0zoXOY “Damien Watters 2010”
Go to the following link http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/255146.php
16. What is the title of this article?
17. This article discussing the privacy of people who donate their DNA for studies. The researchers where able to, “identified 50 people who had given genetic material as participants in genomic studies, by using just…what?
18. The team was able to identify the donors of the DNA by studying which chromosome’s “short tandem repeats (STRs)?
19. Using last names and four other sources on the internet the research team was able to identify the DNA donors. What are two of the four other sources of information the team used?
20. If you where offered $1,000 to donate your DNA “anonymously” for a scientific study, would you do it? Why or why not?
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/
TOUR THE BASICS
1. What part of the body, or what type of cell does the tour of DNA first enter?
2. The clip states that DNA is composed of letters, which make words, which make sentences. How many letters are in one “DNA word?”
3. Genes are instruction manuals for our bodies, what are they directions for making?
a. Carbohydrates
b. Lipids
c. Proteins
d. All of the above
4. How many genes are in a human cell?
a. 2500
b. 25000
c. 250000
d. None of these
5. Hemoglobin helps red blood cells carry oxygen throughout the body. If there is a mutation in the gene for hemoglobin, what disorder is likely to develop?
6. What does the clip say all the DNA in one cell is as long as?
a. A desk
b. A car
c. A basketball hoop
7. How many chromosomes are in a human?
8. Identify the amount of chromosomes in the following organisms
i. Mosquito
ii. Onion
iii. Carp fish
9. According to the “what is a protein,” Different proteins are like different parts of a what?
a. Car engine
b. Theme park
c. Classroom
d. None of these
10. What part of the body does the person drop the ball on?
a. Thumb
b. Big toe
c. Groin
11. Under the “what is heredity” section…What is the gender of the first baby and the second baby?
12. Under the “What is a trait” section…Compare physical traits to behavioral traits. Give an example of each.
13. This section mentions physical traits, behavior traits, and predisposition to medical conditions. Which of these are we able to change?
a. Physical
b. Behavioral
c. Predisposition
d. All of these
e. None of these
14. This section describes the hitchhikers thumb vs straight thumb…according to this section which of these traits is dominant (H) and which is recessive (h)?
15. According to this section can two people with straight thumbs have a baby with hitchhikers curved thumb?
CELL SIZE AND SCALE
16. What is the largest thing in this animation
a. A fly
b. A grain of salt
c. A coffee bean
17. What is the name of the name of the “brown blob” that is smaller than a grain of salt and larger than a paramecium?
18. Which is larger; a human skin cell or a human red blood cell?
19. Which is larger; E. coli bacterium or a chromosome?
20. Which virus is larger; hepatitis or HIV?
21. What is the smallest thing in this animation?
CLONE A MOUSE
22. Describe the difference between Mimi, Megdo, and Momi.
23. Besides the above three mice, what are the other five items needed for the cloning process?
24. What is the “fourth step” in the process?
a. Remove and discard the nucleus of the somatic cell
b. Transfer the somatic cell nucleus
c. Stimulate cell growth
d. Implant the embryo
e. None of these
25. Contrast the purpose of the blunt pipette vs the sharp pipette?
26. After implanting the embryo into Momi, how long does it take to deliver Mimi, the clone mouse?
27. What color is the clone, Mimi? Why does she HAVE to be this color based on how the experiment went?
28. Did this ever happen in real life?
TOUR THE BASICS
1. What part of the body, or what type of cell does the tour of DNA first enter?
2. The clip states that DNA is composed of letters, which make words, which make sentences. How many letters are in one “DNA word?”
3. Genes are instruction manuals for our bodies, what are they directions for making?
a. Carbohydrates
b. Lipids
c. Proteins
d. All of the above
4. How many genes are in a human cell?
a. 2500
b. 25000
c. 250000
d. None of these
5. Hemoglobin helps red blood cells carry oxygen throughout the body. If there is a mutation in the gene for hemoglobin, what disorder is likely to develop?
6. What does the clip say all the DNA in one cell is as long as?
a. A desk
b. A car
c. A basketball hoop
7. How many chromosomes are in a human?
8. Identify the amount of chromosomes in the following organisms
i. Mosquito
ii. Onion
iii. Carp fish
9. According to the “what is a protein,” Different proteins are like different parts of a what?
a. Car engine
b. Theme park
c. Classroom
d. None of these
10. What part of the body does the person drop the ball on?
a. Thumb
b. Big toe
c. Groin
11. Under the “what is heredity” section…What is the gender of the first baby and the second baby?
12. Under the “What is a trait” section…Compare physical traits to behavioral traits. Give an example of each.
13. This section mentions physical traits, behavior traits, and predisposition to medical conditions. Which of these are we able to change?
a. Physical
b. Behavioral
c. Predisposition
d. All of these
e. None of these
14. This section describes the hitchhikers thumb vs straight thumb…according to this section which of these traits is dominant (H) and which is recessive (h)?
15. According to this section can two people with straight thumbs have a baby with hitchhikers curved thumb?
CELL SIZE AND SCALE
16. What is the largest thing in this animation
a. A fly
b. A grain of salt
c. A coffee bean
17. What is the name of the name of the “brown blob” that is smaller than a grain of salt and larger than a paramecium?
18. Which is larger; a human skin cell or a human red blood cell?
19. Which is larger; E. coli bacterium or a chromosome?
20. Which virus is larger; hepatitis or HIV?
21. What is the smallest thing in this animation?
CLONE A MOUSE
22. Describe the difference between Mimi, Megdo, and Momi.
23. Besides the above three mice, what are the other five items needed for the cloning process?
24. What is the “fourth step” in the process?
a. Remove and discard the nucleus of the somatic cell
b. Transfer the somatic cell nucleus
c. Stimulate cell growth
d. Implant the embryo
e. None of these
25. Contrast the purpose of the blunt pipette vs the sharp pipette?
26. After implanting the embryo into Momi, how long does it take to deliver Mimi, the clone mouse?
27. What color is the clone, Mimi? Why does she HAVE to be this color based on how the experiment went?
28. Did this ever happen in real life?
***Create a pedigree for the family above.
If baldness is X-linked recessive. Fill out the pedigree including phenotypes, genotypes, and offspring's probability.
Go to the following video: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/heredity-and-genetics/v/sex-linked-traits?topic=biology-1
Go to http://www.biology.arizona.edu/mendelian_genetics/problem_sets/sex_linked_inheritance/01Q.html
Answer questions 1-10. Turn in the correct answers for all ten questions (write out the question and correct answer)
If baldness is X-linked recessive. Fill out the pedigree including phenotypes, genotypes, and offspring's probability.
Go to the following video: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/heredity-and-genetics/v/sex-linked-traits?topic=biology-1
Go to http://www.biology.arizona.edu/mendelian_genetics/problem_sets/sex_linked_inheritance/01Q.html
Answer questions 1-10. Turn in the correct answers for all ten questions (write out the question and correct answer)
Mutations
Please type all your answers on a word document and print out with YOUR NAME ON IT.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=frcCCHb9LHc
1. Watch this video and write 2-3 sentences how you think mutations relates to this movie...
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/mutations_01
2. What is the definition of a mutation?
3. What are mutations “essential to?” Why is it essential?
DNA: The molecular basis of mutations
4. The four basic types of units of DNA are A, T, G, and C. What chemical does each letter stand for?
5. True or false: “Some parts of your DNA have no function.”
6. True or False: “Parts of your DNA is responsible for turning genes on and off.”
7. Genes can be defined as parts of your DNA that carry the instructions for making ____________, or long chains of _____________.
8. How many letters are in a codon?
Types of mutations
9. What is the difference between substitution mutations and deletion mutations? Give an example of each. (4 points)
10. Explain how there are 3 different typs of substitution mutations.
The causes of mutations
11. What are the two ways to cause mutations?
The effects of mutations
12. What is the difference between somatic mutations and germ line mutations?
13. What are the three effects of germ line mutaitons?
14. How is a conductor like a control gene?
15. What is the weird fact on this page
Mutations are random
16. What are the three ways mutations can be?
17. What are the two hypotheses for why we have lice resistant to shampoo.
18. Explain the Lederberg experiment
BONUS: FIND THE WIERDEST OR COOLEST ANIMAL MUTATION PIC AND PRINT IT OUT WITH YOUR ANSWERS
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/archive/mutations/mutatedna.html
Complete numbers 1-5.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=frcCCHb9LHc
1. Watch this video and write 2-3 sentences how you think mutations relates to this movie...
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/mutations_01
2. What is the definition of a mutation?
3. What are mutations “essential to?” Why is it essential?
DNA: The molecular basis of mutations
4. The four basic types of units of DNA are A, T, G, and C. What chemical does each letter stand for?
5. True or false: “Some parts of your DNA have no function.”
6. True or False: “Parts of your DNA is responsible for turning genes on and off.”
7. Genes can be defined as parts of your DNA that carry the instructions for making ____________, or long chains of _____________.
8. How many letters are in a codon?
Types of mutations
9. What is the difference between substitution mutations and deletion mutations? Give an example of each. (4 points)
10. Explain how there are 3 different typs of substitution mutations.
The causes of mutations
11. What are the two ways to cause mutations?
The effects of mutations
12. What is the difference between somatic mutations and germ line mutations?
13. What are the three effects of germ line mutaitons?
14. How is a conductor like a control gene?
15. What is the weird fact on this page
Mutations are random
16. What are the three ways mutations can be?
17. What are the two hypotheses for why we have lice resistant to shampoo.
18. Explain the Lederberg experiment
BONUS: FIND THE WIERDEST OR COOLEST ANIMAL MUTATION PIC AND PRINT IT OUT WITH YOUR ANSWERS
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/archive/mutations/mutatedna.html
Complete numbers 1-5.